{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:02:54Z","timestamp":1793199774864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Hp) infection significantly elevates the risk of gastric cancer formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates macrophage polarization and promotes gastric cancer progression have not been fully elucidated The present study aimed to investigate whether Hp infection induces macrophage polarization toward M2 type through the miR\u2010146a\u20105p\/TRAF6 signaling pathway and regulates gastric cancer cell function, which in turn promotes gastric cancer development. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experimental study first infected macrophages with a differing multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Hp. Flow cytometry detected the polarization direction and the dual luciferase assay detected the connection between miR\u2010146a\u20105p and TRAF6. Subsequently, Hp\u2010infected macrophages were co\u2010cultured with gastric cancer cells to detect the proliferation, migration and apoptotic ability of gastric cancer cells. Finally, miR\u2010146a\u20105p or miR\u2010146a\u20105p and TRAF6 were overexpressed in macrophages to explore the effect of the miR\u2010146a\u20105p\/TRAF6 signaling axis on macrophage polarization and gastric cancer cell function. For\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, differently treated macrophages were treated with gastric cancer cells and subsequently mixed and inoculated in nude mice to detect tumorigenicity in nude mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hp induces macrophage polarization toward M2 and inhibits its polarization toward M1, and miR\u2010146a\u20105p targets the downstream gene TRAF6. Hp\u2010infected macrophages stimulate the multiplication and movement of gastric cancer cells and inhibit their apoptosis. When the mechanism was explored, inhibition of miR\u2010146a\u20105p or overexpression of TRAF6 inhibited macrophage polarization in the M2 direction, and M2\u2010polarized macrophages inhibited the multiplication and movement of MFC and promoted their apoptosis. For\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, Hp and miR\u2010146a\u20105p promote tumor formation, promote polarization of tumor macrophages toward M2 and inhibit tumor cell apoptosis. These effects were partially counteracted by TRAF6.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hp infection induces macrophage polarization toward M2 type, inhibits its polarization toward M1 and regulates gastric cancer cell function through the miR\u2010146a\u20105p\/TRAF6 signaling pathway, which in turn propels the development of gastric carcinoma. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T04:15:28Z","timestamp":1773634528000},"page":"4877-4889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    infection promotes gastric carcinogenesis by inducing macrophage\n                    <scp>M2<\/scp>\n                    polarization through the\n                    <scp>miR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010146a\u20105p\/\n                    <scp>TRAF6<\/scp>\n                    signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3291-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"},{"name":"Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital  Wuxi 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