{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:43:09Z","timestamp":1787161389477,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rose geranium (\n                      <jats:italic>Pelargonium graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                      L'H\u00e9r.) is cultivated for its essential oil (geranium oil). This research attempts to evaluate the neuroprotective capacity of geranium oil (PGEO) in a rotenone\u2010induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rotenone (1.5\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , s.c.) elicited a progressive loss in locomotor activity. Treatment of PD rats with PGEO (100\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p.o.) reduced motor impairment and restored brain levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin by 56.00%, 94.44%, and 55.55%, respectively. PGEO significantly reduced \u03b1\u2010synuclein levels by 61.66%. It balanced oxidative status by increasing glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde levels by 47.62% and 44.21%, respectively. PGEO decreased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin\u20106 by 59.57% and 30.23%, respectively, and increased lactate dehydrogenase as well as succinate dehydrogenase activities by 38.88% and 26.66%, respectively. PGEO treatment restored rotenone\u2010induced histopathological changes. Fifty\u2010seven metabolites were annotated in PGEO by Global Natural Products Social molecular networking and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, with fatty acid amides identified as a new class of compounds in the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Pelargonium<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The neuroprotective effect of geranium oil against rotenone\u2010induced PD is mediated, at least in part, via anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  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