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While CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      capture agents have been generally reported to improve crop yield and quality, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly in rapeseed (\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of a foliar\u2010applied CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010capturing agent on the growth, yield, and quality of\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cv. \u2018Xiangyou 15\u2019. The results showed that 100\u00d7 dilution of foliar\u2010applied CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010capturing agent was optimal, significantly increasing yield, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), and seed oil content. Further transcriptomic analysis was conducted between the optimal foliar\u2010applied CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010capturing agent (T3) and control (T1), T3 up\u2010regulated photosynthetic genes including PSAA, PSAB, rbcL and reshaped carbon metabolism, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents increased by 40.6%, 32.0% and 10.5% respectively. Additionally, T3 significantly up\u2010regulated INV (invertase) and G6PDH (glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase), supplying NADPH reducing power and carbon precursors for oil biosynthesis. Consequently, the total fatty acid content significantly increased from 44\u2009059.02 to 62\u2009909.80\u2009\u03bcg\u2009g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      under T3 treatment, representing a 42.8% rise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Taken together, this study provided the first integrated physiological and transcriptomic evidence that a CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      capture agent boosted yield and increased the quality of\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L., highlighting its potential as an efficient and sustainable approach for crop productivity enhancement. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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