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The present study aimed to investigate the divergence in the osteoprotective effects of yak (YBPs)\/bovine (BBPs)\/porcine (PBPs)\/chicken (CBPs) bone collagen peptides, and to elucidate how gastrointestinal digestion and absorption characteristics contribute to their distinct osteoprotective mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      YBPs\/BBPs exhibited the highest osteoprotective effects, whereas PBPs exhibited weaker\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      osteogenic but stronger\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti\u2010osteoporotic bioactivity than CBPs. Four osteogenic peptides were obtained by virtual screening, their retention rates after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and apparent permeability coefficients in a Caco\u20102 monolayer model ranged from 12.95% to 30.13% and 0.15 to 0.55\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009cm\u2009s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. Integrated\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses, gastrointestinal digestion stability and intestinal absorption\/transportation data suggest that the divergent osteoprotective effects of LBPs likely stem from distinct absorptive\/digestive properties mediated by their structural differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The divergent osteoprotective effects of YBP\/BBPs\/PBPs\/CBPs are likely attributable to their structural determinants including gastrointestinal digestion\/absorption\/transportation, and affinity\/binding modes to epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as possible RGD (arginine, glycine and aspartic acid) sequence similarity. These findings provide mechanistic insights and identify potential molecular targets for optimizing peptide\u2010based functional food ingredients for bone health. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:55:38Z","timestamp":1780487738000},"page":"7171-7183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative assessment on osteoprotective effects of bone collagen peptides from diverse animal sources: Insights from the characteristics of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese 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