{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1788524425714,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1600400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Ziziphus jujuba<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaves (ZJL) are promising functional food ingredients for sleep support, yet their chemical composition and efficacy vary greatly with geographical origin, hindering quality standardization. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the sleep\u2010promoting potential of ZJL from seven Chinese regions by integrating chemical fingerprinting and multi\u2010pathway pharmacological validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chemical profiling of ZJL from seven regions revealed distinct compositional patterns: Neiqiu County (XN) exhibited the highest flavonoids (64.98\u2009mg\u2009g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and polyphenols (78.23\u2009mg\u2009g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), Lin County (LL) was enriched in triterpenoid saponins, and Jia County (YJ) accumulated alkaloids. Entropy\u2010weighted scoring of nine sleep\u2010related bioactives ranked XN as the top origin, followed by LL and YJ. In\n                      <jats:italic>para<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)\u2010induced insomniac mice, oral administration of ZJL extracts (from XN, LL, and YJ) significantly improved sleep latency and duration. XN\u2010ZJL produced the strongest effects, restoring neurotransmitter balance (elevated \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5\u2010HT), reduced glutamate (Glu) and dopamine (DA)) and normalizing the Glu\/GABA ratio. It also suppressed systemic inflammation (lowered tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2)), mitigated oxidative stress (increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA)), and protected neural structures in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Redundancy analysis showed that flavonoid\u2013saponin synergy drove sleep benefits, accounting for 73% of variance, with spinosin and jujuboside B as key contributors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sleep\u2010promoting activity of ZJL is origin\u2010dependent and results from multi\u2010component synergy, with XN showing superior efficacy linked to high flavonoid and GABA levels. The integrated workflow \u2013 chemical profiling, entropy\u2010weighted scoring,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      validation, and component\u2013efficacy mapping \u2013 provides a robust framework for origin\u2010oriented raw material selection and quality control of ZJL\u2010based functional foods. We propose a flavonoid\/saponin ratio (~25:1) as a potential standardization metric. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:20:14Z","timestamp":1780896014000},"page":"7643-7654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of chemical fingerprinting and multi\u2010pathway pharmacological validation to evaluate the sleep\u2010promoting efficacy of\n                    <i>Ziziphus jujuba<\/i>\n                    leaves from diverse origins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Ruibin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University  Baoding 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