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However, comparative studies assessing both physiological performance and productivity of grapevines under organic and conventional management while maintaining similar soil and climatic conditions remain limited, particularly in dry\u2010farmed warm Mediterranean environments. This study evaluated the physiological and agronomic responses of the grapevine cultivar \u2018Pedro Xim\u00e9nez\u2019 over two consecutive seasons (2022\u20132023) in a commercial dry\u2010farmed vineyard in south\u2010western Spain managed under certified organic and conventional management systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leaf gas\u2010exchange parameters including net photosynthetic rate (\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), stomatal conductance (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), intrinsic water\u2010use efficiency (\n                      <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      WUE), and the stomatal stress integral (\n                      <jats:italic>SI<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>gs<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were monitored alongside agronomic parameters such as bunch number, bunch weight, and pruning weight. Across both seasons, organically managed vines showed lower cumulative stomatal stress (\n                      <jats:italic>SI<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>gs<\/jats:sub>\n                      reduced by 37% in 2022 and 14% in 2023) while maintaining similar seasonal iWUE values. During high vapor pressure deficit episodes, electron transport rate (ETR) remained comparable between management systems whereas\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                      declined, indicating that photosynthetic reductions were mainly associated with CO\u2082 diffusional or biochemical limitations rather than photochemical impairment. Yield components were comparable between systems, although organic vines produced more clusters per plant in 2023 (17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs 15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8; Tukey test,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under the conditions of this commercial, warm Mediterranean vineyard, organic management was associated with reduced seasonal stomatal stress while maintaining comparable productivity, suggesting that organic viticulture may represent a viable strategy for dry\u2010farmed vineyards in warm Mediterranean regions. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:38:12Z","timestamp":1782272292000},"page":"7935-7944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photosynthetic resilience of dry\u2010farmed \u2018Pedro Xim\u00e9nez\u2019 grapevines under organic versus conventional management in a warm\n                    <scp>Mediterranean<\/scp>\n                    vineyard"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saray","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Gordillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecophysiology and Irrigation Group Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiolog\u00eda (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Vegetal Production Area, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Sancho\u2010Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Food Technology Area, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Amores\u2010Arrocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Vegetal Production Area, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Cantizano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Vegetal Production Area, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"European Commission The common agricultural policy: a green transition [Internet](2020). 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