{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:57:21Z","timestamp":1791561441741,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6242001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6242001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2\u2010Amino\u20103\u2010methylimidazo[4,5\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]quinoline (IQ), a typical heterocyclic amine, is a common dietary carcinogen raising gastric and colorectal cancer risks. As an abundant anthocyanin monomer with established antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activities, cyanidin\u20103\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010glucoside (C3G) might attenuate IQ toxicity. Nevertheless, whether and how C3G alleviates IQ\u2010triggered gastrointestinal damage remains unclarified. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of C3G against IQ\u2010induced gastrointestinal injury in mice using biochemical assays, histopathology, western blotting, 16S rRNA sequencing, and molecular simulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that C3G significantly ameliorated IQ\u2010induced gastric and colonic tissue damage. It effectively reduced key inflammatory markers (nitric oxide, interleukin\u20106, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) and the oxidative stress marker MDA in repaired mouse tissues and serum, while elevating antioxidant enzyme levels. Western blot analysis revealed tissue\u2010specific protective mechanisms. In gastric tissue, C3G activated the Keap1\u2010Nrf2 pathway to enhance antioxidant capacity and suppressed the NF\u2010\u03baB pathway to attenuate inflammation. In the colon, C3G inhibited inflammation via MyD88\/TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins to restore intestinal barrier function. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that C3G reversed IQ\u2010induced dysbiosis and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as\n                      <jats:italic>Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterorhabdus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that C3G could enhance IKK\u03b2 stability and interfere with its phosphorylation by forming hydrogen bonds with residues ASP151 and ASP109.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidates that C3G alleviates IQ\u2010induced gastrointestinal injury through a multidimensional mechanism involving microbiota modulation, antioxidation, anti\u2010inflammation, and intestinal barrier repair, providing a theoretical basis for anthocyanin\u2010based dietary interventions against heterocyclic amine toxicity. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:01:59Z","timestamp":1782705719000},"page":"8337-8351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective role of cyanidin\u20103\u2010\n                    <i>O<\/i>\n                    \u2010glucoside in 2\u2010amino\u20103\u2010methylimidazo[4,5\u2010\n                    <i>f<\/i>\n                    ]quinoline\u2010induced gastrointestinal injury: focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Qingchen","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-1238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health Beijing Technology and Business University, Ministry of Education  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7110.1000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2021.108693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589809514656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589809514667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c02869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801342p"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c12984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Avogadro: an advanced semantic chemical editor, visualization, and analysis platform","volume":"4","author":"Hanwell MD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust J Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"SobtopL Soberevacom(2024). Available:http:\/\/sobereva.com\/soft\/Sobtop."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.5149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4535194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00526-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx020008h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02897942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8037-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(85)90029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.2001.0411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c08454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.970530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05553-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01310-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02830-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1070-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.482596"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.70852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jsfa.70852","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.70852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:33:18Z","timestamp":1791559998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.70852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.70852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.70852","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}