{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:56:45Z","timestamp":1791561405854,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Astaxanthin (AST) has potent antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties; however, it is unstable and easily oxidized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, chitosan (CS) was employed to stabilize AST through covalent crosslinking to synthesize chitosan\u2013astaxanthin (CS\u2013AST) complex, and then self\u2010assembled into chitosan\u2013astaxanthin nanoparticles (CS\u2013ASTNPs). CS\u2013ASTNPs showed a smooth, spherical morphology with a particle size of 102.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009nm. The hydrodynamic particle size was 141.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009nm with a zeta potential of 30.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of AST within CS\u2013ASTNPs were 83.6% and 46.1%, respectively. In a chronic colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), CS\u2013ASTNPs significantly improved the symptoms in mice body weight, colon length, and disease activity index (DAI) scores caused by DSS. The colon barrier was enhanced through increasing the level of the proteins ZO\u20101, occludin, and MUC2. Furthermore, the overproduction of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), and the proteins NLRP3, ASC, Caspase\u20101, GSDMD, and cleaved Caspase\u20101 were reduced, while the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL\u201010) increased. The oxidative response in colon tissues was suppressed via regulating the Nrf2\/HO\u20101 pathway. Additionally, CS\u2013ASTNPs increased the Bacteroidetes\/Firmicutes ratio and elevated the richness of beneficial bacteria\n                      <jats:italic>norank_f__Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Notably, CS\u2013ASTNPs showed significantly greater improvement than CS\u2009+\u2009AST (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In sum, CS\u2013ASTNPs has significant potential for development as a functional food or as a drug for treating colitis. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T03:08:07Z","timestamp":1783912087000},"page":"8912-8926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Covalently crosslinked chitosan\u2013astaxanthin nanoparticles: a stable, bioavailable oral delivery system with potentiated relief efficacy against chronic colitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8613-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinwei","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University  Qingdao 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