{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:00:28Z","timestamp":1785304828536,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Current understanding of the biological activities and metabolism of raffinose remains limited. This study aimed to elucidate its digestive behavior and anti\u2010allergic potential by integrating fluorescence imaging in mice,\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n digestion simulation, human fecal fermentation, and RBL\u20102H3 cells detection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n The results showed that following oral gavage in mice, raffinose was primarily distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and reached the colon within 2\u20136\u2009h. In addition, raffinose was hardly degraded during\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. Analysis of human fecal microbiota demonstrated that microbial richness and diversity were lower in food\u2010allergic individuals than in healthy individuals. In the\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n fermentation system using human fecal samples, raffinose supplementation increased short\u2010chain fatty acid concentrations in the group involving fecal fermentation from healthy volunteers with raffinose. Furthermore, raffinose inhibited the growth of\n Escherichia\u2010Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Weissella<\/jats:italic>\n . In the RBL\u20102H3 cell degranulation model, raffinose promoted cell proliferation, suppressed degranulation, and reduced the release of\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexosaminidase and histamine, demonstrating its anti\u2010degranulation capacity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results verify that raffinose is indigestible in the upper gastrointestinal tract using a mouse model. It modulates gut microbiota and short\u2010chain fatty acids in\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n human fecal fermentation systems and produces anti\u2010allergic effects in cell models. These findings provide a foundation for expanding the applications of raffinose in deep processing as a value\u2010added functional product. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:16:36Z","timestamp":1785302196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\n In vivo<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n absorption in mice and fecal fermentation by human gut microbiota: impacts on gut microbiota and short\u2010chain fatty acids production"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 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