{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1785908718405,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Carica papaya<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a fast\u2010growing plant with high productivity and nutraceutical value, due to its fruit \u2013 papaya, that is especially rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, carpaine and papain. This study explores the feasibility of cultivating dwarf papaya plants in aquaponic systems integrated with African catfish (\n                      <jats:italic>Clarias gariepinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), aiming to assess plant development and fruit quality. Twenty\u2010four\n                      <jats:italic>Carica papaya<\/jats:italic>\n                      plants were grown in deep\u2010water\u2010culture aquaponic systems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aquaponics environment maintained adequate water parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and nutrient levels), supporting plant growth. Plant biometrics were modelled by the Lundqvist\u2013Korf and Richards functions. After 10\u2009months, 70 ripe fruits were harvested (weight\u2009~1.2 kg, length\u2009~24\u2009cm and maximal perimeter ~36\u2009cm) and analysed in terms of colour, texture, mineral profile, antioxidants, contents in phenolics and flavonoids, soluble solids, moisture, ash and pigments, and compared to soil\u2010cultivated papayas. Aquaponics\u2010grown papayas presented similar levels of reducing sugars (~190\u2009mg\u2009g\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      dry weight) and metabolite fingerprinting (by diffusion\u2010ordered nuclear magnetic resonance) to soil\u2010grown fruits, but slightly higher levels of firmness (~8.30\u2009N), moisture (~90%), pH (pH ~6), ash (~1%), minerals (especially phosphorus and magnesium), antioxidants, phenolics and flavonoids. Aquaponics fruits also showed elevated pigment\/carotenoid concentrations contributing to a more reddish pulp coloration, as also confirmed by the CIELab colour measurements (\n                      <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\u2009~20,\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\u2009~30,\n                      <jats:italic>L*<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009~37,\n                      <jats:italic>C*<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009~36,\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b0\u2009~57).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results demonstrate that aquaponic cultivation of dwarf papaya is a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional farming, producing fruits of comparable quality. This approach offers promising implications for water\u2010efficient soilless agriculture and integrated urban food systems. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:52:03Z","timestamp":1785905523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional quality of dwarf\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Carica papaya<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    fruits produced in aquaponics systems integrated with African catfish (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Clarias gariepinus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Oun\u00edsia D","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic 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