{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:05:18Z","timestamp":1790136318809,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Seed biopriming with plant growth\u2010promoting bacteria (PGPB) offers a sustainable strategy to enhance germination and seedling vigor, but its effectiveness is often limited by poor bacterial adherence to seeds. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of combining\n Bacillus velezensis<\/jats:italic>\n VRU1 and\n Pseudomonas chlororaphis<\/jats:italic>\n VUPF5 with sodium alginate as a biopolymeric binder to strengthen tomato seedlings through seed biopriming.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Both bacterial strains successfully colonized tomato roots. Physiological screening revealed complementary traits:\n B. velezensis<\/jats:italic>\n produced protease and catalase, whereas\n P. chlororaphis<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited lipase, phosphatase, cellulase, catalase, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) activity.\n Bacillus velezensis<\/jats:italic>\n tolerated up to 70\u2009g\u2009kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n NaCl, and\n P. chlororaphis<\/jats:italic>\n tolerated up to 50\u2009g\u2009kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , indicating salinity resilience. In greenhouse assays, tomato seeds primed with the combined formulation (both strains + alginate) showed significant increases in all growth indicators compared with controls. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) identified seedling dry weight as the most influential variable driving treatment efficacy. The alginate matrix enhanced bacterial adhesion, uniform hydration, and controlled release, overcoming a major limitation of conventional bio\u2010inoculants.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Biopriming with\n B. velezensis<\/jats:italic>\n VRU1 and\n P. chlororaphis<\/jats:italic>\n VUPF5, using alginate as a binder, significantly improves tomato seedling growth and stress tolerance. This synergistic, eco\u2010friendly approach offers a practical alternative to chemical inputs, with promising applications in sustainable agriculture, saline soil bioremediation, and the development of commercial biofertilizers. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:33:59Z","timestamp":1790134439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Binding Bacillus and Pseudomonas in alginate for seed bio\u2010priming strengthens tomato seedlings"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yasna","family":"Khandani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Vali\u2010e\u2010Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadeseh","family":"Hassanisaadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Vali\u2010e\u2010Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roohallah","family":"Saberi Riseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Vali\u2010e\u2010Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems6020037","article-title":"Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: effects of soil\u2013seed interaction on the growth of seedlings","volume":"6","author":"Chaichi 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