{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:14:38Z","timestamp":1788239678036,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive disease characterized primarily by lipid deposition and inflammation.\n Thymus quinquecostatus<\/jats:italic>\n Celak. (TQC), widely used in health teas and food preparations, possesses anti\u2010inflammatory, antithrombotic, and anti\u2010ischemic properties, showing potential as a functional food with anti\u2010atherosclerotic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TQC ethanol extract (TEE) on AS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2013Q\u2013TOF\u2013MS\/MS) analysis identified 102 chemical components in TEE, with flavonoids and phenolic acids as the main constituents.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n studies revealed that TEE effectively inhibited plaque progression and lipid accumulation, improved serum lipid profiles and fatty liver, and decreased pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels in both serum and plaque macrophages. Network pharmacology indicated the importance of key targets, including phosphoinositide\u20103\u2010kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), protein kinase B (AKT), and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), and core signaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase\u2013AKT (PI3K\u2013AKT) and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK). Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity of sclareol, scutellarein, and kaempferol to the critical targets. Immunofluorescence, plasmid transfection, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting demonstrated that TEE effectively alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammation in AS by promoting autophagy and cholesterol efflux, which might be attributable to suppression of the PI3K\/AKT\/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 enhanced the modulatory effects of TEE on autophagy and cholesterol efflux proteins.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n This study shows the potential of TEE as a functional food for lipid\u2010lowering and anti\u2010inflammatory strategies in cases of AS. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:20:27Z","timestamp":1788236427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual modulation of lipid\u2010lowering and anti\u2010inflammatory effects of\n \n Thymus quinquecostatus<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Celak. ethanol extract on atherosclerosis: integration of\n UPLC<\/scp>\n \u2013Q\u2013\n TOF<\/scp>\n \u2013\n MS<\/scp>\n \/\n MS<\/scp>\n ,\n \n in silico<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n ,\n \n in vivo,<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n and\n \n in vitro<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8623-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixin","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruisi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dezhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03392-8","article-title":"The changing landscape of atherosclerosis","volume":"592","author":"Libby P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051155","article-title":"Dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Soliman 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