{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:18:02Z","timestamp":1788412682810,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigated cultivar\u2010dependent variation in the phytochemical composition of lettuce (\n Lactuca sativa<\/jats:italic>\n ) using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) profiling and high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification, with a focus on enzyme inhibitory activity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant differences were observed among six colored cultivars, with red cultivars exhibiting higher levels of phenolic compounds, particularly miquelianin (\n 2<\/jats:bold>\n ), chicoric acid (\n 4<\/jats:bold>\n ), and quercetin 3\u2010\n O<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010malonylglucoside (\n 3<\/jats:bold>\n ). Quantitative analysis revealed that these metabolites were markedly enriched in red\u2010pigmented cultivars. Multivariate analysis further confirmed a clear compositional separation between red and green cultivars.\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010Amylase inhibitory activity was also evaluated, and the red leaf crude extract yielded the highest efficacy among the matrices (IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20091.24\u2009mg mL\u207b\u00b9). Among the pure constituents, quercetin 3\u2010\n O<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010malonylglucoside (\n 3<\/jats:bold>\n ) demonstrated the strongest enzymatic inhibition (IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200918.57\u2009\u03bcg mL\u207b\u00b9). Molecular docking analysis supported these findings, revealing that compound\n 3<\/jats:bold>\n possessed the highest binding affinity (\u20139.8 kcal mol\u207b\u00b9) toward the\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010amylase catalytic site by interacting with key active residues.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings demonstrate that phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory activity in\n L. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n are strongly influenced by cultivar type. Particularly, red\u2010pigmented cultivars represent promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential applications in nutritional and functional food development. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture<\/jats:italic>\n published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:46:03Z","timestamp":1787802363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical composition and cultivar\u2010dependent variation in colored lettuce (\n Lactuca sativa<\/i>\n ) and their\n \u03b1<\/i>\n \u2010amylase inhibitory activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Neil Patrick","family":"Uy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology Chung\u2010Ang University Anseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak\u2010Dong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology Chung\u2010Ang University Anseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Yun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology Chung\u2010Ang University Anseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Anyang University Anyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-207X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology Chung\u2010Ang University Anseong Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology Anseong Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2210.10001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols as natural inhibitors of \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase","volume":"12","author":"\u0106orkovi\u0107 I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2014.10208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01655C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Standardized Methods of Analysis for Agricultural Science and Technology","author":"Rural Development Administration","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c05561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18311\/jnr\/2022\/26819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816954-4.00007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13010030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"2357","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of selected varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) commercially available in Malaysia","volume":"23","author":"Gan YZ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cche.10591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-024-00890-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hortres.2015.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","article-title":"Phenolics and sesquiterpene lactones profile of red and green lettuce: combined effect of cultivar, microbiological fertiliser, and season","volume":"12","author":"Stojanovi\u0107 M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants (Basel, Switz)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.09.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-024-00930-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-024-00899-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.70017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2018.1558221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.866719"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.70994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jsfa.70994","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.70994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:01:12Z","timestamp":1788411672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.70994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.70994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.70994","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jsfa.70994"}}