{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:03:53Z","timestamp":1789563833955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fenugreek (\n                      <jats:italic>Trigonella foenum\u2010graecum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) is widely consumed as a functional food across Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian cultures and has long been valued in traditional diets for its health\u2010promoting properties. Although fenugreek contains diverse phytochemicals with known biological activities, its potential effects on organismal resistance to heat stress remain insufficiently characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the effects of fenugreek seed preparations on thermotolerance\u2010associated survival were evaluated using\n                      <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Two complementary extraction approaches were investigated: an aqueous decoction (TW) and a hydroethanolic macerate (TE). Synchronized adult worms were exposed to the extracts before heat stress at 35\u2009\u00b0C, and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method and restricted mean survival time (RMST). Both extracts were associated with significantly improved heat\u2010stress survival compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The RMST values were 73.91\u2009min for TW, 62.55\u2009min for TE and 38.44\u2009min for the control group; however, the difference between the two extract preparations was not statistically significant. MTT [i.e. 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays in CCD\u20101079Sk human dermal fibroblasts showed concentration\u2010dependent reductions in metabolic activity, with 24\u2010h half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration values of 1.85\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      for TE and 12.63\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      for TW. Liquid chromatography\u2013high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry profiling identified several constituents, with orientin being the most abundant quantified compound in both extracts. Molecular docking of selected fenugreek\u2010associated compounds against human AKT serine\/threonine kinase 1; protein kinase B alpha and\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u2009elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serine\/threonine\u2010protein kinase AKT\u20101 revealed favorable predicted binding affinities. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations suggested that orientin remained associated with both targets under the simulated conditions, although temperature\u2010dependent differences were observed in the dynamics of the\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      AKT\u20101 complex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings indicate that fenugreek seed preparations are associated with improved heat\u2010stress survival in\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The numerically higher RMST observed with the decoction, despite its lower orientin content, suggests that the observed biological activity may involve the combined effects of multiple constituents; however, the difference between the two extract preparations was not statistically significant. These findings support further dose\u2013response and mechanistic studies to clarify the association between fenugreek preparations and improved heat\u2010stress survival. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:12:36Z","timestamp":1789560756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fenugreek (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Trigonella foenum\u2010graecum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L.) as a functional food associated with improved heat\u2010stress survival in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    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