{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:02:44Z","timestamp":1789538564280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Alphitobius diaperinus,<\/jats:italic>\n                      the lesser mealworm, is an edible insect considered safe for human consumption; however, its proteins show documented cross\u2010reactivity with crustacean and house dust mite (HDM) allergens, raising potential concerns for allergic populations. In this study, different lesser mealworm materials were extracted using three protein extraction protocols to evaluate how methodological choices and food processing treatments influence immunoglobulin E (IgE)\u2010binding profiles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All protocols yielded satisfactory protein recovery, with protocols 1 and 2 enabling the extraction of distinct protein fractions (TRIS\u2010, UREA\u2010, and SDS\/DTT\u2010soluble) and protocol 3 providing a faster and simpler workflow. A range of food\u2010processing treatments, spanning industrial and household methods, was applied to lesser mealworm materials, and the resulting extracts were assessed for immunoglobulin G (IgG)\u2010 and IgE\u2010binding using sera from crustacean\u2010 and HDM\u2010allergic individuals. Processing induced marked changes in IgE\u2010binding patterns, with several treatments, including boiling, baking, microwaving, autoclaving, canning, frying, and grilling, showing an increased number and\/or intensity of detectable IgE\u2010reactive bands under the applied\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      conditions. Putative IgE\u2010reactive protein candidates, inferred from apparent molecular weight and the literature, included proteins consistent with tropomyosin, arginine kinase\/serpin, hexamerin\/glycogen phosphorylase\u2010like protein\/filamin C, and apolipophorin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgE\u2010binding does not equate directly to clinical reactivity, but these findings indicate that food processing can modulate IgE\u2010binding profiles of lesser mealworm proteins substantially and underscore the relevance of cross\u2010reactive IgE\u2010responses in crustacean\u2010 and HDM\u2010allergic populations. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:11:50Z","timestamp":1789535510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extraction\u2010dependent changes in immunoglobulin E binding profiles of processed lesser mealworm (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Alphitobius diaperinus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5311-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Mafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla SS","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6317-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Carri\u00e7o\u2010S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9352-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Laura","family":"Mettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9471-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8172-0455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2015\/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council on novel foods amending Regulation (EU) No 1169\/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 258\/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1852\/2001 L 327. 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