{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:09:58Z","timestamp":1790161798486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The joint effects of climate change and rising atmospheric CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentration ([CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ]) can alter maize phenology, yield, and water use, but the extent to which elevated [CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] offsets climate\u2010related impacts on C\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      maize remains uncertain. This study quantified the combined and separate effects of future climate change and elevated [CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] on irrigated maize growth and water consumption in the Southwestern Plain of the Great Lakes (SPG) \u2013 a region of the US Corn Belt. A validated Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model was driven by three bias\u2010corrected global climate models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 for the near\u2010future (2025\u20132049), mid\u2010future (2050\u20132074), and far\u2010future (2075\u20132099) periods. For each period, paired simulations were conducted using baseline [CO\u2082] (378 ppm) and period\u2010specific elevated [CO\u2082] concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Maximum temperature increased more than minimum temperature during the growing season. Compared with RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5 resulted in a greater shortening of growing\u2010season duration under warming (GSD\u2010w), greater yield loss, and a greater increase in water footprint. Annual precipitation increased toward the far future under RCP 8.5, whereas growing\u2010season precipitation showed a non\u2010monotonic response and fell below the 1995\u20132014 baseline in the far future. Elevated [CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] reduced average projected yield losses by 2.7 percentage points under RCP 4.5 and by 3.5 percentage points under RCP 8.5, while reducing water footprints by 12.1% under RCP 4.5 and by 19.3% under RCP 8.5. However, elevated [CO\u2082] offset GSD\u2010w shortening by only 0.2\u2009days under RCP 4.5 and 0.3\u2009days under RCP 8.5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated [CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] partially alleviated climate\u2010related yield losses and increases in water footprint but did not offset the adverse effects of future warming, particularly under RCP 8.5. Adaptation strategies should combine region\u2010specific water management with adjustments in sowing date and cultivar selection. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:19:47Z","timestamp":1790158787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined and separate effects of future climate change and elevated atmospheric\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    on maize growth and water consumption in the US Corn Belt"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0973-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiazhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy  Hefei China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic Engineering Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Nanxun Innovation Institute Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy  Hefei China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy  Hefei China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Technology in Rural Water Management of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment and Sustainable Engineering Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. 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