{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:12:55Z","timestamp":1790161975987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n To elucidate the regulatory effects of organic fertilizer substitution on leaf senescence and source\u2013sink relationships in dryland winter wheat under different precipitation types, a long\u2010term fertilization experiment was conducted in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, with three consecutive seasons of field trials analyzed from 2022 to 2025 (based on a trial initiated in 2017). The experiment included two fertilization types: conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CN) and 25% organic nitrogen substitution (MN). Each type comprised four N application rates (60, 120, 180, and 240\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ), along with a blank control (N0, no nitrogen applied).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Results demonstrated that precipitation types exerted a stronger regulatory effect than N fertilization. The MN treatment significantly prolonged the grain\u2010filling period, delaying its cessation by 0.12\u20131.48\u2009days relative to chlorophyll senescence. While the N180 treatment achieved the optimal source\u2013sink ratio, differences among the N120 and N240 treatments were not significant. Grain yield responses varied with precipitation types: the CN240 treatment maximized grain yield in wet years, while the MN180 and MN120 treatments were optimal in normal and dry years, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Consequently, 25% organic fertilizer substitution combined with 180\u2009kg\u2009N\u2009ha\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n may serve as a relatively robust baseline N management strategy for dryland winter wheat under the rainfed agroecological conditions of Heyang County on the Loess Plateau, as it effectively coordinated leaf senescence with grain filling. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1790159711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organic fertilizer substitution delays leaf senescence and improves source\u2013sink balance in winter wheat under different precipitation types"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3149-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanrong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5727-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xining","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest A&F University, Institute of Water\u2010Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physi\u2010ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2019.03.014","article-title":"Effects of tillage practices on water consumption and grain yield of dryland winter wheat under different precipitation distribution in the Loess Plateau of China","volume":"191","author":"Xue L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.108319","article-title":"Quantify the effect of manure fertilizer addition and optimal nitrogen input on rainfed wheat yield and nitrogen requirement using nitrogen nutrition index","volume":"345","author":"Liu P","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst 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