{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:07:49Z","timestamp":1790161669580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Olive maturity governs lot destination and the yield\u2013quality trade\u2010off in olive oil production, yet it is still monitored by subjective visual scoring of the Ja\u00e9n index. Spectroscopic alternatives have relied mainly on near\u2010infrared instruments, with scarce evidence from Brazilian orchards and almost no evaluation of spatial or temporal transfer. The preserny study investigated whether a portable visible spectrophotometer (400\u2013700\u2009nm, 31 wavelengths) combined with CIE\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                      *\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      * colorimetry and machine learning can recover per\u2010fruit ripening stage (six classes) with encouraging robustness across the evaluated Brazilian orchards.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dataset of 7058 Arbequina olives from three orchards in Rio Grande do Sul and S\u00e3o Paulo across two harvest seasons (2023\u20132024) was classified by 10 algorithms under 15 preprocessing hypotheses and five validation protocols of increasing rigour. Within\u2010dataset accuracy reached 99.06% (Extra Trees, \u2009=\u20090.986), whereas leave\u2010one\u2010orchard\u2010out validation reached 95.74% (SVM\u2010RBF, \u2009=\u20090.935), geographic transfer between states 96.60% and the conservative inter\u2010annual direction 93.98%. Ordinal metrics (quadratic weighted kappa \u2265\u20090.982; accuracy within \u00b1\u20091 class 99.7%) showed that residual errors were almost exclusively single\u2010step. The 530\u2013680\u2009nm region carried most of the discriminative information, consistent with chlorophyll\u2010to\u2010anthocyanin pigment dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visible\u2010only portable spectroscopy classified per\u2010fruit olive maturity with high accuracy under the evaluated conditions, and quantified a deployment gap of 3\u20135 percentage points between within\u2010dataset cross\u2010validation and cross\u2010region or inter\u2010annual hold\u2010outs, comprising a gap that random cross\u2010validation alone conceals. Because errors are confined to adjacent maturity stages, the approach suggests potential for future automated lot\u2010level maturity index estimation in post\u2010harvest quality control of extra virgin olive oil. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:18:14Z","timestamp":1790158694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010regional and temporal generalizability of portable visible spectroscopy for olive maturity classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0542-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mojaravscki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI) Campinas State University (UNICAMP)  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo S","family":"Graziano Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI) Campinas State University (UNICAMP)  Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox3010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.09.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf026042j"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15040726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture16050579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150715738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings 2nd Seminario Ole\u00edcola Internacional","author":"Uceda M","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf503859f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1123-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2020.111246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors12090182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22082831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048381d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Colorimetry. 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