{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T07:48:55Z","timestamp":1791791335882,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172222 and No. 31871817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172222 and No. 31871817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amandin (Pru du 6), a major almond allergen, exhibits immunochemical recognition that is influenced by protein conformation and the accessibility of antibody\u2010recognized regions. This study investigated whether processing sequence governs the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on the structural, digestive, and commercial antibody\u2010based immunoreactivity of amandin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HHP and PPO conditions were optimized before individual and sequential treatments were compared. Among the tested pressures, 400\u2009MPa produced the lowest commercial antibody\u2010based relative immunoreactivity and was selected for the sequential experiments. HHP pretreatment followed by PPO treatment produced the greatest reduction in antibody\u2010binding immunoreactivity and the most pronounced accumulation of high\u2010molecular\u2010weight material. Spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses showed altered secondary structure, fluorescence behavior, surface hydrophobicity, and sulfhydryl accessibility. Molecular docking supported a potential non\u2010covalent PPO\u2013amandin interaction but was not interpreted as evidence of aggregate formation. HHP\u2010PPO treatment also generated a more interconnected aggregate morphology, increased radical\u2010scavenging activity, and maintained comparatively low antibody\u2010binding immunoreactivity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion despite a lower degree of hydrolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Processing sequence was a key determinant of amandin structural remodeling and antibody\u2010binding immunoreactivity. The observed structural changes are consistent with HHP pretreatment influencing subsequent PPO\u2010mediated association, although the exact intermolecular linkages and antibody\u2010recognized regions were not determined. Because the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay used commercial anti\u2010almond\u2010protein antibodies rather than patient immunoglobulin E, further validation with allergic sera and biological models is required before conclusions regarding allergenicity can be made. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T07:27:11Z","timestamp":1791790031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sequential high hydrostatic pressure and polyphenol oxidase treatments modulate the structure, digestion behavior, and antibody\u2010binding immunoreactivity of amandin"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Weiman","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and 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