{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1791784002643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pomegranate (\n                      <jats:italic>Punica granatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) peel is a phenolic\u2010rich processing by\u2010product, but its valorization commonly relies on conventional solvents. This study examined an integrated approach in which pomegranate peel pyrolysis liquid (PP\u2010PL) was repurposed as the extraction medium for ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction (UAE) of the same biomass. The methodological originality lies specifically in using biomass\u2010derived PP\u2010PL in UAE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PP\u2010PL\u2010assisted extract (PP\u2010E) and an aqueous control extract (AQ\u2010E), prepared from the same peel batch under identical UAE conditions, were compared. The apparent gravimetric recovery of PP\u2010E was 202.5\u2009g\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . PP\u2010E showed approximately two\u2010fold higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than AQ\u2010E.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      agar well diffusion screening revealed the largest inhibition zone for PP\u2010E against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 80\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (22.65\u2009\u00b1\u20091.50\u2009mm), whereas AQ\u2010E produced no detectable inhibition zones against the tested strains at the same concentration. PP\u2010E achieved DPPH (2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid)) radical\u2010scavenging values of 92.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25% and 97.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17%, respectively, and showed pronounced total antioxidant capacity and iron(III) ion (Fe\n                      <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2010 and copper(II) ion (Cu\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      )\u2010reducing capacities. Targeted liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) using authentic standards quantified six phenolics, with ellagic acid as the predominant analyte (2015.10\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      extract).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Integration of pomegranate peel pyrolysis with PP\u2010PL\u2010assisted UAE generated an extract exhibiting\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antioxidant properties and antibacterial potential in agar well diffusion screening, providing an alternative route for pomegranate peel valorization. This strategy supports the further development of biomass\u2010derived extraction media for recovering value\u2010added compounds from agro\u2010industrial residues. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.71171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:35:37Z","timestamp":1791783337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Valorization of pomegranate peel waste through pyrolysis\u2010liquid\u2010assisted ultrasound extraction: antioxidant, antibacterial and targeted phytochemical characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Abdulkadir","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Faculty of Health Sciences G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane University  G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane 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