{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:07:53Z","timestamp":1784102873813,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plant <jats:italic>Arnica montana<\/jats:italic> is used in folk medicine to alleviate pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints associated with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of <jats:italic>A. montana<\/jats:italic> flower methanol extract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMME<\/jats:styled-content>) against both inflammation and oxidative stress in a collagen\u2010induced arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIA<\/jats:styled-content>) rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMME<\/jats:styled-content> was found to reduce clinical signs and improve the histological and radiological status of the hind limb joints. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMME<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats had lower expression levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, interleukins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012) and titer of anti\u2010type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> collagen antibody compared with untreated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIA<\/jats:styled-content> rats. Furthermore, by inhibiting these mediators, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMME<\/jats:styled-content> also contributed towards the reversal of disturbed antioxidant levels and peroxidative damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The alleviation of arthritis in rats was very likely due to the combined action of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the major constituents identified by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) analysis. The study also shed some light on mechanisms involved in diminution of inflammatory mediators and free radical\u2010generating toxicants and enhancement of the antioxidant armory, thereby preventing further tissue damage, injury and synovial hyperproliferation in arthritis. \u00a9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T08:41:41Z","timestamp":1431420101000},"page":"1500-1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cumulative therapeutic effects of phytochemicals in <i>Arnica montana<\/i> flower extract alleviated collagen\u2010induced arthritis: inhibition of both pro\u2010inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Shikha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research 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