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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of products derived from olive trees, i.e. leaves, fruits or kernels as a sole substrate (part A), and crude extract from leaves combined with a substrate (part B) on rumen microbial fermentation in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> batch fermentation system. In this study, total gas production, methane production, and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFA<\/jats:styled-content>) and ammonia in ruminal fluid were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In part A, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fermentation of leaves or fruits yielded a gas and total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFA<\/jats:styled-content> production that were comparable with control substrate, while most of them produced significantly less methane (up to 55.6%) when compared to control substrate. In part B, amongst leaf extracts, only addition of chloroform extract reduced methane production, which was also associated with a decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) in gas production. This effect was associated with a significant reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) in acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia production, but not in reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFA<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olive leaf and olive leaf chloroform extract reduced ammonia production and increased the molar proportion of propionate in the rumen and can assist in developing novel feed additives for methane mitigation from the rumen. \u00a9 2016 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T12:42:40Z","timestamp":1467636160000},"page":"1367-1372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Products derived from olive leaves and fruits can alter <i>in vitro<\/i> ruminal fermentation and methane production"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Pirouz","family":"Shakeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences Research Section, Kerman Agricultural Research and Education Center AREEO  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoey","family":"Durmic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology The University of Western Australia  M085, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"},{"name":"Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre The University of Western Australia  35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Vadhanabhuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology The University of Western Australia  M085, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"},{"name":"Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre The University of Western Australia  35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip E","family":"Vercoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Biology The University of Western Australia  M085, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"},{"name":"Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre The University of Western Australia  35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. 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