{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:48:31Z","timestamp":1773920911740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81202260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81202260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. leads to neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteremia. <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. are reported to comprise an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIF<\/jats:styled-content>) and follow\u2010up formula (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FUF<\/jats:styled-content>), although little is known about the contamination level of <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIFs<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FUFs<\/jats:styled-content> in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 1032 samples were collected between 2011 and 2013. Forty\u2010two samples were positive, including 1.6% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIFs<\/jats:styled-content> and 6.5% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FUFs<\/jats:styled-content>. The strains were susceptible to most antibiotics except for cefoxitin. Pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis after <jats:italic>Xba<\/jats:italic>I digestion produced a total of 36 banding patterns. The 38 strains were found in 27 sequence types (STs), of which nine types (ST454 to ST462) had not been reported in other countries. The clinically relevant strains obtained from the 38 isolates in the present study comprised three ST3, two ST4, two ST8 and one ST1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contamination rate in the PIF and FUF has stayed at a relatively high level. The contamination rate of PIF was significantly lower than FUF. The isolates had high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested, except cefoxitin. There were polymorphisms between the <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. as indicated by pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Therefore, contamination with <jats:italic>Cronobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. remains a current issue for commercial infant formulas in China. \u00a9 2016 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,4]],"date-time":"2016-09-04T23:57:20Z","timestamp":1473033440000},"page":"2141-2146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Surveillance and molecular typing of <i>Cronobacter<\/i> spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow\u2010up formula from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Huaning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Jinan China"},{"name":"Academy of Preventive Medicine Shandong University  Jinan China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease 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