{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:07:37Z","timestamp":1789474057805,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of antibiotic growth promoters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>) as feed additives in broiler chickens poses risks due to cross\u2010resistance amongst pathogens and residues in tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of black cumin seeds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>) as a natural growth promoter in chickens on nutrient utilization, intestinal microbiota and morphology, immunity, antioxidant status, protein deposition in muscles and nitrogen excretion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Broiler chickens were fed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> at 0, 5, 10 and 20\u2009g\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> diet. Body weight gain tended to increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.10) and daily feed intake increased quadratically with increasing concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> in the diets. Supplementation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a tendency to decrease feed conversion efficiency on days 28\u201342. Metabolizability of nutrients increased linearly with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Protein deposition in thigh and breast muscles was increased and nitrogen excretion was reduced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content> compared with the control (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content>). Intestinal morphology in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was not generally affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Counts of total bacteria, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> spp. were not affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content> compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content>, but <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. decreased linearly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05) with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus on day 35 increased quadratically (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Concentrations of glucose and triglyceride in blood were not affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Concentrations of cholesterol decreased linearly while the concentration of total protein increased linearly with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of dietary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCS<\/jats:styled-content> may improve growth performance, immunity and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T01:23:01Z","timestamp":1485307381000},"page":"3742-3751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effect of black cumin seeds on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immunity, gut health and nitrogen excretion in broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Pawan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amlan Kumar","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guru Prasad","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saktipada","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41154-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Swann Committee Report: Report of Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine","author":"Swann MM","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00297-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"The Medical Impact of Use of Antimicrobials in Food Animals (WHO\/EMZ\/ZOO\/97.4)","author":"WHO","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.4.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-3926-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2004.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2004.441.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4514.2011.00567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573(200008)14:5<323::AID-PTR621>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(98)00300-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2005.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2006.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"4, e77","article-title":"Black cumin seeds as phytogenic product in broiler diets and its effects on performance, blood constituents, immunity and caecal microbial population","volume":"11","author":"Khan SH","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Effect of feeding powdered black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on growth performance of 4\u20138 week\u2010old broilers","volume":"7","author":"Abu\u2010Dieyeh ZHM","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anim Vet Adv"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/66273\/2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajpsaj.2009.42.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2009.80352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120073151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"2219","article-title":"Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a marker in digestion studies","volume":"45","author":"Furuichi Y","year":"1981","journal-title":"Agric Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"The analysis of mineral constituents in biological materials. I. Estimation of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in food stuffs","volume":"10","author":"Talapatra SK","year":"1940","journal-title":"Indian J Vet Sci Anim Husb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 8","author":"SAS","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Growth performance and immune response of broiler chicks as affected by diet density and Nigella sativa seeds supplementation","volume":"19","author":"Osman AMA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Egypt Poult Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2007.4164.4167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2010.128.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9735\/0975-3710.2.2.9-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Effect of fenugreek and black cumin seeds as feed additives on blood biochemical profile and performance of broilers","volume":"29","author":"Yatoo MA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Biochemical profile of serum constituents of broiler chickens supplemented with different levels of Nigella sativa with special reference to its effect on hormonal and mineral concentrations","volume":"18","author":"Mandour AA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Egypt Poult Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/javaa.2010.2725.2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0007166031000085508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and formic acid on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens","author":"Pathak M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v44i3.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669608417893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.11.1897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2013.13342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2006-00116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) on growth, performance, immunological, hematological and carcass parameters of broiler chicks","volume":"5","author":"Shewita RS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Biol Biomol Agric Food Biotechnol Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2013.01.006","article-title":"Immune\u2010responsiveness and performance of broiler chickens fed black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) powder","volume":"13","author":"Al\u2010Mufarrej SI","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Saudi Soc Agric Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00241-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary different forms and levels of Nigella sativa L., during Egyptian summer season","volume":"4","author":"Hermes IH","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agric Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2008.715.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2006.574.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"914","volume-title":"The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton LL","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjsfa.8237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.8237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:55:39Z","timestamp":1760874939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.8237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.8237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.8237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}