{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:44:06Z","timestamp":1787989446754,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China","award":["201403047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201403047"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Science","award":["2015C03006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015C03006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phytosterols (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content>), plant\u2010derived natural steroid compounds, are novel feed additives to regulate immune function and promote pig growth. This study was conducted to determine the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> on the immune response of weaned piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty crossbred (Duroc\u2009\u00d7\u2009Landrace\u2009\u00d7\u2009Yorkshire) piglets with an average initial weight of 9.58\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26\u2009kg were randomly allotted to three treatments. Treatments consisted of a control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> (0.2\u2009g\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and polymyxin E (0.04\u2009g\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, antibiotic control) treatment. The results showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> or polymyxin E supplementation remarkably decreased diarrhea rate and elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD3<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD3<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD8<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio in piglets compared with the control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> increased basophil and serum interleukin\u20104, and caused a shift towards Th2 profile by decreasing Th1\/Th2 ratios in piglets compared with control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Polymyxin E contributed to an increase in interleukin\u201010 compared with the control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the amount of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> of jejunum among the three treatments (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> supplementation has no significant effect on growth but could remarkably decrease diarrhea rate, and improve immunity and anti\u2010inflammatory activity in weaned piglets. In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> supplementation had similar effects on growth, anti\u2010inflammation and intestinal microorganisms as supplementation with polymyxin E in piglets. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T11:32:41Z","timestamp":1487676761000},"page":"4103-4109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Phytosterols improve immunity and exert anti\u2010inflammatory activity in weaned piglets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University  Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University  Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University  Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University  Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University  Zhejiang PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(02)00006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201100100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/0811-RM-338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v13i1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1981.532439x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.3.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-008-9016-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o2012-003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Effects of phytosterols on performance and blood biochemical parameters in weaned piglets","volume":"31","author":"Wei L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Animalis Domastici"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Analysis of IR, NMR and antimicrobial activity of \u03b2\u2010sitosterol Isolated from Momordica charantia","volume":"1","author":"Sen A","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hortic Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1598","article-title":"Estimation of phytoconstituents from Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) 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