{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:11:40Z","timestamp":1778742700551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The enzymatic modification of wheat proteins during dough fermentation and its digestion as supported by peptidases of microbiological origin can result in the degradation of important peptides in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. However, baking bread and the high temperature associated with this could change the physicochemical and immunological properties of proteins. Thermal changes in the spatial structure of proteins and their hydrolysis can lead to a masking or degrading of immunoreactive peptides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP), comprising peptidases isolated from <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic> 5e2 (LA) or transglutaminase (TG) in the course of fermentation, decreases its immunoreactivity by 83.9%, 51.9% and 18.5%, respectively. An analysis of the fractional composition of gliadins revealed that <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\u2010gliadins are the proteins most susceptible to enzymatic modification. Hydrolysis of wheat storage proteins with PEP and LA reduces the content of <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\u2010gliadins by 13.7%, 60.2% and 41.9% for PEP and by 22.1%, 43.5% and 36.9% for LA, respectively. Cross\u2010linking of proteins with TG or their hydrolysis by PEP and LA peptidases during the process of forming wheat dough, followed by digesting bread samples with PEP and LA peptidases, decreases the immunoreactivity of bread hydrolysates from 2.4% to 0.02%. The content of peptide detected in polypeptide sequences is 263.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3, 30.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 and 7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009mg kg<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> in samples of hydrolysates of bread digested with PEP, as produced from dough modified by TG, PEP and LA, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enzymatic pre\u2010modification of proteins during the process of dough fermentation decreases their immunoreactive potential, such that fewer peptides recognised by R5 antibodies are released during the digestion process from the bread matrix. Immunoreactive peptides are degraded more effectively when digestive enzymes are supported by the addition of PEP. \u00a9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T22:02:41Z","timestamp":1514239361000},"page":"3363-3375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of food processing and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on gliadin immunoreactivity in rolls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3122-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Brzozowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-011-0215-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM-85-1-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416039-2.00013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2013.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i35.5837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.11.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27893K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501275c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.2.1088-1096.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00260-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01630-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00034.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.104315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050173t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0014260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-015-2608-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.12.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150191823"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf062755g"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"Standard for Foods for Special Dietary Use for Persons Intolerant to Gluten (118\u20101979)","author":"Codex Alimentarius","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-009-0529-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM.2003.80.6.781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM.2001.78.6.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803243w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcrs.1994.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf104201u"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-016-2682-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0104984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.04.008"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjsfa.8847","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsfa.8847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:29:43Z","timestamp":1760876983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsfa.8847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsfa.8847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.8847","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5142","1097-0010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5142","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}