{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:02:24Z","timestamp":1793127744468,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFD050050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD050050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Three Agricultural Projects of Jiangsu Province","award":["SXGC2017281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXGC2017281"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heat stress often occurs in the modern poultry industry, which impairs growth performance, particularly via reducing appetite. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of attenuating appetite by chronic heat exposure in broilers. A total of 144 broilers (28\u2009days old) were allocated to normal control (NC, 22\u2009\u00b0C), heat stress (32\u2009\u00b0C), and pair\u2010fed (22\u2009\u00b0C) groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic heat exposure significantly increased cloacal temperatures and respiration rates, decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain, increased feed\u2010to\u2010gain ratio compared with the NC group, and elevated the concentrations of ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) both in serum and intestine, as well as peptide YY and somatostatin in intestine on 35\u2010 or 42\u2010day\u2010old broilers. Moreover, heat exposure decreased villi height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD), while it increased CD in the jejunum on 35\u2010 and 42\u2009day\u2010olds, increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) the concentrations of valine and isoleucine in plasma on 42\u2009days, and upregulated (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) the expression of taste receptor type 1 members 1 and 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>T1R1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>T1R3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic>CCK<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>ghrelin<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the intestine on 35\u2010 or 42\u2010day\u2010old broilers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic heat exposure impairs the performance, intestinal morphology and appetite, which may be correlated with the increased secretion or gene expression of appetite\u2010related hormones and genes, and the higher expression of nutrient\u2010sensing receptors (T1R1 and T1R3) in broilers. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T13:21:51Z","timestamp":1519219311000},"page":"4471-4478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance, intestinal epithelial histology, appetite\u2010related hormones and genes expression in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3062-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing P. 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