{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:43:54Z","timestamp":1781019834214,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["031A567A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031A567A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a growing interest in the use of insects in poultry, swine and aquaculture feed, as well as pet food applications. All insects produce chitin\u2010based exoskeletons. With regard to chitin content, a precise determination in agricultural applications is crucial because it has favorable functional properties, although it is also difficult to digest for some species of livestock. Three measurement methods were compared to determine the most reliable method of chitin content determination in different insects and selected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Hermetia illucens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> products: acid detergent fiber (ADF) provides the fiber content and the acid detergent lignin (ADL) additionally considers the catecholic compounds. Acetyl group measurement relates the acetate content to the chitin content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing different insect species, the highest chitin value via ADF measurement was determined for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Tenebrio molitor<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> larvae (155 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Chitin values higher than 200 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>H. illucens<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> residues are a much better valuable source of chitin. For the larval exoskeletons, a chitin content for all measurement methods of more than 350 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was determined. In general, the ADF measurement is approximately 5% higher than the ADF\u2010ADL and acetyl measurements. ADF\u2010ADL and acetyl group determinations are approximately equivalent measurement methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to statistical analysis, ADF\u2010ADL represents a compromise between accuracy and equipment demand and is a suitable method for determining the chitin content of both insects and their residues. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T11:24:25Z","timestamp":1522495465000},"page":"5069-5073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["New methods for high\u2010accuracy insect chitin measurement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8428-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute of Biotechnology and Interfacial Engineering  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute of Biotechnology and Interfacial Engineering  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Febel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute of Biotechnology and Interfacial Engineering  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Fijalkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protix  Dongen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protix  Dongen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarique","family":"Arsiwalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protix  Dongen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Zibek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute of Biotechnology and Interfacial Engineering  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-017-0452-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012319652-1\/50008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1600612113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60174-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b136820"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-5148(00)00038-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"KuznetsovaA BrockhoffPBandChristensenRHB lmerTest: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. 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