{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:41:20Z","timestamp":1774032080974,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Pulse Crop Development Board, Saskatoon, Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Sci Food Agric"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faba bean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Vicia faba<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) vicine and convicine (V\u2013C) aglycones (divicine and isouramil respectively) provoke an acute hemolytic anemia called favism in individuals with a glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme defect in their red blood cells. Geneticists\/plant breeders are working with faba bean to decrease V\u2013C levels to improve public acceptance of this high\u2010protein pulse crop. Here, we present a fast and simple <jats:italic>ex vivo in vitro<\/jats:italic> bioassay for V\u2013C toxicity testing of faba bean or faba bean food products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that 1,3\u2010bis (2\u2010chloroethyl)\u20101\u2010nitrosourea (BCNU)\u2010treated (i.e., sensitized) normal red blood cells, like G6PD\u2010defective blood, displayed (i) continuous glutathione (GSH) depletion with no regeneration as incubation time and the dose of aglycones increased, (ii) progressive accumulation of denatured hemoglobin products into high molecular weight (HMW) proteins with increased aglycone dose, (iii) both band 3 membrane proteins and hemichromes, in HMW protein aggregates. We have also demonstrated that sensitized red blood cells can effectively differentiate various levels of toxicity among faba bean varieties through the two hemolysis biomarkers: GSH depletion and HMW clumping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>BCNU\u2010sensitized red blood cells provide an ideal model for favism blood, to assess and compare the toxicity of faba bean varieties and their food products. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T02:50:47Z","timestamp":1522723847000},"page":"5105-5111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A practical toxicity bioassay for vicine and convicine levels in faba bean (<scp><i>Vicia faba<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3077-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fitsum","family":"Getachew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem and Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem and Public Health University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"The role of pulses in human nutrition: a review","volume":"9","author":"Ofuya Z","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Sci Environ Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2009.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of hemolysis in glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"27","author":"Arese P","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(65)90352-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"852","article-title":"The oxidant effect of isouramil on red cell glutathione and dihydroxyphenylalanine","volume":"4","author":"Ranzi A","year":"1968","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"725","article-title":"Effect of divicine and isouramil on red cell metabolism in normal and G6PD\u2010deficient (Mediterranean variant) subjects. 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