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However, to date, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient levels on the concentrations and metabolism of AFAAs in the conceptus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to low nutrient diets, high nutrient diets increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) the concentrations of citrulline and proline (Pro) in plasma; the concentrations of arginine, glutamine, Pro and ornithine (Orn) in the amniotic fluid; and the concentrations of all detected AFAAs in the allantoic fluid, which were most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) mRNA expression of <jats:italic>arginase I<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Arg I<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Pro oxidase<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spermidine synthetase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SRM<\/jats:italic>) in the fetal placenta, as well as <jats:italic>Arg II<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SRM<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spermine synthetase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SMS<\/jats:italic>) expression in the fetal liver (most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy). The same effect was observed for mRNA expression of <jats:italic>NO synthase<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Orn aminotransferase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>OAT<\/jats:italic>), mainly on day 110 of pregnancy, and for mRNA expression of <jats:italic>Arg I<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Arg II<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OAT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Orn decarboxylase<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SMS<\/jats:italic> throughout pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) mRNA expression of <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>L\u2010type amino acid transporter<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LAT<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>cationic amino acid transporter 1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CAT1<\/jats:italic>) in the fetal jejunum throughout pregnancy. Dietary treatments did not affect (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05) mRNA expression of <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>LAT1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sodium\u2010coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SNAT2<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>CAT1<\/jats:italic> in the fetal placenta, skeletal muscle and colon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>High nutrient diets increased the concentration and transport of AFAAs in the mothers and conceptus, which likely improves growth and development of the conceptus. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T06:39:46Z","timestamp":1542695986000},"page":"2132-2139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary nutrient levels alter the metabolism of arginine family amino acids in the conceptus of Huanjiang mini\u2010pigs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehui","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process  Changsha China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and 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