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Unsaturated fatty acids have a certain protective effect against oxidative damage. The present study used an animal model to determine the protective effect of silkworm pupa oil on hydrochloric acid \/ ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silkworm pupa oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid 63.4 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, oleic acid 249.1 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, linoleic acid 47.0 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and linolenic acid 337.8 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, whereas its unsaturated fatty acid content is 700 g kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Compared to a gastric ulcer control group, high and low doses of pupa oil reduced gastric ulcer area and gastric secretion, whereas gastric pH increased. It also increased serum antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px) levels, somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels, and reduced serum interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), interleukin\u201012 (IL\u201012), tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>), and interferon\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> (IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>), motilin (MTL), and gastrin (GT) levels. RT\u2010qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that silkworm pupa oil significantly increased CAT, GSH\u2010Px, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Cu\/Zn\u2010SOD, Mn\u2010SOD, and NF\u2010kappa\u2010B inhibitor\u2010\u03b1 (I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) expression and lowered nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B), B\u2010cell lymphoma\u20102 (Bcl\u20102), cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silkworm pupa oil treatment reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in mice, and high\u2010dose silkworm pupa oil was superior to low\u2010dose silkworm pupa oil, following ranitidine. \u00a9 2018 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T02:20:58Z","timestamp":1543285258000},"page":"2974-2986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Protective effect of silkworm pupa oil on hydrochloric acid\/ethanol\u2010induced gastric ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Xingyao","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University  Beijing P.R. 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