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The etiology of parathyroid carcinoma is unknown, however, the recently discovered <jats:italic>HRPT2<\/jats:italic> gene, a tumor suppressor gene encoding for the protein parafibromin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis. Identification of inactivating germ\u2010line mutations in <jats:italic>HRPT2<\/jats:italic> has significant implications for diagnosis and management. This article summarizes the genetic aspects of parathyroid carcinoma, reviews its clinical manifestations, and outlines the principles of surgical therapy, the indications for adjuvant therapy, and the use of bisphosphonate and calcimimetic agents for management of hypercalcemia. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;89:136\u2013142. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T01:48:03Z","timestamp":1108691283000},"page":"136-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Parathyroid carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Mittendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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