{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:51:42Z","timestamp":1791049902182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,4]],"date-time":"2008-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is evidence that TGF\u2010\u03b21 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in early disease and has pro\u2010oncogenic effects in advanced tumor stage. The aim of the study was to correlate TGF\u2010\u03b21 in plasma and tissue to clinical and pathological parameters in patients with various stages of disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010nine patients who underwent surgery for a colorectal carcinoma were prospectively included. Blood samples, tumor free mucosa and tumor biopsies were assayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression in tumors increased with increasing T\u2010stage regardless of whether patients with metastatic disease were included or not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0006). Patients with metastatic disease showed elevated TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression in both tumor tissue (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) and plasma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) compared to those without metastatic disease. TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression was higher in the colon compared with the rectum in both tumor tissue and tumor\u2010free bowel (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), regardless of whether patients with metastatic disease were included or not. This difference was mainly attributable to a higher TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression in non\u2010metastatic patients with lymph node positivity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression is associated with increasing T\u2010stage and metastatic disease, indicating that TGF\u2010\u03b21 is of importance in tumor progression. The localization of the tumor seems to influence the TGF\u2010\u03b21 protein expression in patients with tumor cell\u2010positive lymph nodes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:409\u2013415. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,4]],"date-time":"2008-01-04T15:20:23Z","timestamp":1199460023000},"page":"409-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Increased TGF\u2010Beta1 protein expression in patients with advanced colorectal 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