{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:58:44Z","timestamp":1779231524040,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of heterotopic vascularized lymph node transfer (HVLNT) for the treatment of lower extremity lymphedema is still evolving. Current techniques, either place the lymph nodes in the thigh without a skin paddle or at the ankle requiring an unsightly and often bulky skin paddle for closure. We explored the feasibility of doing a below\u2010knee transfer without a skin paddle using the medial sural vessels as recipient vessels and report our experience in 21 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of all patients who underwent HVLNT to the medial calf was performed. Postoperative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and lymphoscintigraphy (LS) were analyzed to assess lymph node viability and function after transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one patients underwent HVLNT to the medial calf. Postoperative imaging was performed at an average of 11 months after surgery. Thirteen patients had postoperative MRA, of whom 12 demonstrated viable lymph nodes. Seven patients underwent postoperative LS, of whom three demonstrated uptake in the transferred nodes. In the other four patients, the injectate failed to reach the level of the proximal calf.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide proof of concept that HVLNT to the lower leg using the medial sural vessels without a skin paddle can result in viable and functional lymph nodes in the setting of lower extremity lymphedema. <jats:italic>J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:90\u201395<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T18:13:07Z","timestamp":1481825587000},"page":"90-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Heterotopic vascularized lymph node transfer to the medial calf without a skin paddle for restoration of lymphatic function: Proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca J.","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erez","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane S.","family":"Saint\u2010Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie N.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene S.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mount Sinai Beth Israel New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000257149.42922.7e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b03787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199703000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31819e6529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31828bd3b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.10.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Proof of Concept. Available at:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proof_of_concept#cite_note-1. Accessed July 18 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3518-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b457cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199404000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Sural vessels as recipient vessels for free flap transfer to the single vessel leg","volume":"26","author":"Pyon JK","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"622","article-title":"The anatomical basis of the medial sural artery perforator flaps","volume":"60","author":"Altaf FM","year":"2011","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318209a761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000201258.10304.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1381957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198207000-00019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjso.24356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.24356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T04:43:58Z","timestamp":1697517838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jso.24356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jso.24356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.24356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4790","1096-9098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]}}}