{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:31:55Z","timestamp":1778135515424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lymphedema is caused by insufficient lymphatic drainage leading to abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid within\u00a0soft tissues. Lympho\u2010venous anastomosis (LVA), as a surgical option for selected patients, is widely applied. Through preoperative localization of functional lymphatics with indocyanine green, real time visualization of functioning lymphatic vessels is possible. This examination is time consuming and operator dependant and is not suitable to differentiate the ratio of fat hypertrophy to liquid edema.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We investigated whether MR lymphangiography is accurate for imaging functional lymphatics and adjacent veins in arms. Furthermore, we investigated the accuracy and predictability of preoperative mapping for the feasibility of performing LVA and the preoperative decision making in lymphedema surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was performed in which 25 patients suffering from lymphedema of the upper extremity were examined. MR lymphography with contrast agent injection in a deep dermal plane was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Precise localization of lymphatic vessels crossing a vein was achieved in 18 of 25 arms. In 16 of the 18 patients in whom functional lymphatics were localized with an adjacent vein on MRI an LVA was performed successfully.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR lymphangiography is an accurate and reproducible method for imaging and mapping of lymphatic channels in the lymphedemateous limb.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T19:01:15Z","timestamp":1534446075000},"page":"407-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["MR lymphography in patients with upper limb lymphedema: The GPS for feasibility and surgical planning for lympho\u2010venous bypass"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assaf A.","family":"Zeltzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Brussaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merel","family":"Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"De Baerdemaeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moustapha","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"de Mey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University Hospital Brussels (VUB) Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30246"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Indocyanine green lymphography findings in limb lymphedema","volume":"32","author":"Narushima M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.04.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Liposuction in lymphedema treatment","volume":"32","author":"Brorson H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182268cd9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2016-003185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_11_1","unstructured":"Original consent document of the International Society for Lymphology (ISL). 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