{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:30:37Z","timestamp":1792042237080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photoacoustic lymphangiography, which is based on photoacoustic technology, is an optical imaging that visualizes the distribution of light absorbing tissue components like hemoglobin or melanin, as well as optical absorption contrast imaging agents like indocyanine green (ICG) in the lymphatic channels, with high spatial resolution. In this report, we introduce the three\u2010dimensional (3D) images of human lymphatic vessels obtained with photoacoustic lymphangiography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the 3D photoacoustic visualization system (PAI\u201005). Some healthy subjects and lymphedema patients were recruited. To image the lymphatic structures of the limbs ICG was administered subcutaneously as in fluorescence lymphangiography. Photoacoustic images were acquired by irradiating the tissue using a laser at wavelengths of near\u2010infrared region. On the same occasion, fluorescence images were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lymphatic vessels up to the diameter of 0.2\u2009mm could be observed three\u2010dimensionally with the venules around them. In the patient\u2010group, dermal backflow patterns were often observed as dense interconnecting 3D structures of lymphatic vessels. Collecting vessels passing below the dermis were also observed, which were not observed by fluorescence lymphography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photoacoustic lymphangiography provided the detailed observation of each lymphatic vessel, leading to deeper understanding of 3D structures and physiological state of the vessel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T04:51:15Z","timestamp":1559710275000},"page":"48-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Photoacoustic lymphangiography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3267-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kajita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moemi","family":"Urano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8346-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Takemaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8816-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Otaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Technology Development Luxonus Inc., Kawasaki  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadakazu","family":"Aiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"SIT Research Laboratories Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Management Division Luxonus Inc., Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16743.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.25575","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jso.25575","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.25575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T01:07:27Z","timestamp":1694135247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jso.25575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jso.25575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.25575","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4790","1096-9098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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