{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1785886756356,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among orbital tumors, metastatic lesions have a prevalence of 1% to 13%; on the other hand, breast cancer is the most common malignancy causing orbital metastases. The aim of this study is to present our experience dealing with orbital metastases caused by breast cancer, to assess characteristics and clinic\u2010pathological data of patients suffering from this rare occurrence and to find indexes related with their prognosis and survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of 28 patients diagnosed with orbital metastases from breast cancer at the Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre of Milano over a 27\u2010year period (1992\u20102018) were retrieved and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean patients' age at breast cancer diagnosis was 56.29\u2009\u00b1\u200914.63 years. Mean time interval between breast cancer diagnosis and orbital metastasis occurrence was 5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.17 years. All lesions were estrogen receptor\u2010positive; 79% of patients harbored progesterone receptor\u2010positive lesions. Interestingly, the majority of deceased patients presented orbital lesions with MIB\u20101 index &gt;50% (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009.0265) and had concomitant lung metastases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0452).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of orbital metastasis from breast cancer represents a challenging finding. Patients' clinical picture can include exophthalmos, edema, tumefaction, proptosis and\/or diplopia. Significant symptomatic improvement can be achieved through surgery and other adjuvant treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T04:15:38Z","timestamp":1587010538000},"page":"170-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Orbital metastases from breast cancer: A single institution case series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sindoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Fama'","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood \u201cG. Barresi\u201d University Hospital of Messina  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Humanitas Research Hospital \u2010 IRCCS  Rozzano\/Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0864-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianlorenzo","family":"Dionigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood \u201cG. Barresi\u201d University Hospital of Messina  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia Ada Assunta Maria","family":"Manara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Humanitas Research Hospital \u2010 IRCCS  Rozzano\/Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images University Hospital of Messina  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gioffre'\u2010Florio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood \u201cG. 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