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This study examined characteristics and survival outcomes related to suspicious peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based retrospective study by querying the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program was conducted. A total of 41,229 women with Stage I\u2013III endometrial cancer who had peritoneal cytologic sampling at hysterectomy from 2010 to 2016 were examined. A Cox proportional hazard regression model and a competing risk analysis with Fine\u2010Gray model were fitted to assess survival outcome related to suspicious peritoneal cytology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suspicious peritoneal cytology was seen in 702 (1.7%) cases. In multivariable models, suspicious peritoneal cytology was associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer mortality (subdistribution\u2010hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29\u20132.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and all\u2010cause mortality (adjusted\u2010HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.27\u20131.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared with negative peritoneal cytology. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that suspicious peritoneal cytology had discrete overall survival improvement compared with malignant peritoneal cytology in a propensity score weighting model (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests that suspicious peritoneal cytology may be a prognostic factor for decreased survival in endometrial cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T16:08:58Z","timestamp":1623514138000},"page":"687-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinico\u2010pathological significance of suspicious peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Nusbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Chicago School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloni","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneaki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tohoku University School of Medicine  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Klar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda D.","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60442-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Uterine.Neoplasms. 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