{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:42:50Z","timestamp":1783464170510,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs) are an immune component of the cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) microenvironment and affect tumor growth. TAMs can polarize into different phenotypes, that is, proinflammatory M1 and anti\u2010inflammatory M2 macrophages. However, the role of the macrophage phenotype in CMM remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 88 patients with CMM. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and the density of M1 and M2 macrophages was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Immune cells coexpressing CD68 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) were considered M1 macrophages, whereas those coexpressing CD68 and c\u2010macrophage activating factor (c\u2010Maf) were defined as M2 macrophages. These TAMs were counted, and the relationships between the density of M1 and M2 macrophages and clinicopathological factors including prognosis were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CD68\/c\u2010Maf score ranged from 0 to 34 (median: 5.5). The patients were divided based on the median score into the CD68\/c\u2010Maf high (\u22655.5) and low (&lt;5.5) expression groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CD68\/c\u2010Maf expression was an independent predictive factor for progression\u2010free survival and an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CD68\/pSTAT1 expression was found in only two patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We suggest that CD68\/pSTAT1 coexpression is rarely observed in patients with CMM, and high CD68\/c\u2010Maf expression is a predictor of worse prognosis in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T10:34:15Z","timestamp":1698921255000},"page":"381-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The clinicopathological impact of tumor\u2010associated macrophages in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Yoshinari","family":"Asai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0818-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Yanagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsumasa","family":"Osakabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Tanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Sakuraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamotsu","family":"Sugai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical University Yahaba\u2010cho Shiwa\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. 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