{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:57:48Z","timestamp":1790740668925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL157991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL157991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HL165440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HL165440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sir Charles Health Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sir Charles Health Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Strategic Research Investment Fund Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Research Investment Fund Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variations of hand and forearm lymphatic drainage to upper\u2010arm lymphatic pathways may impact the route of melanoma metastasis. This study compared rates of lymphatic drainage to epitrochlear nodes between anatomic divisions of the hand and forearm to determine whether the anatomic distribution of hand and forearm melanomas affects the likelihood of drainage to epitrochlear lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a single\u2010institution lymphoscintigraphy database, we identified all patients with cutaneous melanoma on the hand and forearm. A body\u2010map two\u2010dimensional coordinate system was used to classify cutaneous melanoma sites between radial\u2013ulnar and dorsal\u2013volar divisions. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) visualized on lymphoscintigraphy were recorded. Proportions of patients with epitrochlear SLNs were compared between anatomic divisions using <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 3628 upper extremity cutaneous melanoma patients who underwent lymphatic mapping with lymphoscintigraphy, 1400 met inclusion criteria. Twenty\u2010one percent of patients demonstrated epitrochlear SLNs. Epitrochlear SLNs were observed in 27% of dorsal forearm melanomas and 15% of volar forearm melanomas (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Epitrochlear SLNs were observed in 31% of ulnar forearm melanomas and 17% of radial forearm melanomas (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher proportions of dorsal and ulnar forearm melanomas have epitrochlear SLNs. Metastasis to epitrochlear SLNs may be more likely from melanomas in these respective forearm regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T06:14:00Z","timestamp":1723616040000},"page":"54-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns of forearm lymphatic drainage to the epitrochlear lymph nodes in 1400 cutaneous melanoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Fanning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6300-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharanga D. Jayathungage","family":"Don","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Donohoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4841-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroo","family":"Suami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Lymphoedema Education Research and Treatment Program (ALERT), Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K. V.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Alfred Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound S206 RPAH Medical Centre Newtown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1400","article-title":"Site distribution of malignant melanoma","volume":"128","author":"Elwood JM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/15.4.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970717)72:2<231::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.3.416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008964621225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01804985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09779-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.04.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00443-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2021.1877248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12907-019-0087-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.02038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/0717-6287-47-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-022-06777-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000277995.25009.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02303781"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"2195","article-title":"Failure to detect drainage to the popliteal and epitrochlear lymph nodes on cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy in melanoma patients","volume":"39","author":"Uren RF","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00108-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.5.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10664"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"570","article-title":"Patterns of lymphatic drainage from the skin in patients with melanoma","volume":"44","author":"Uren RF","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-003-0336-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-005-0554-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481207800626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-012-0504-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3185-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-018-0521-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-015-0341-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830215)51:4<756::AID-CNCR2820510435>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9315-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.662875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(07)70176-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy","author":"Williams PL","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.11.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2020.0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8637895"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.27811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T10:36:15Z","timestamp":1747132575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jso.27811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jso.27811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.27811","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4790","1096-9098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}