{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:37:03Z","timestamp":1792654623263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not all gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) may be classified into one of the three described clinicopathologic subtypes. The purpose of this study was to better characterize GNET subtypes and associated outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated for GNET at our institution (1995\u22122021) were identified. Pathologic specimens of tumors that could not be classified as type 1, 2, or 3 were further reviewed. GNETs were categorized as proton pump inhibitor (PPI)\u2010associated based on changes in the background gastric mucosa consistent with PPI use. Distant metastasis at presentation (DM) and disease\u2010specific survival (DSS) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 246 patients, there were 164 (67%) type 1, 5 (2%) type 2, 52 (21%) type 3, and 18 (7%) PPI\u2010associated GNETs. Seven (3%) tumors remained unclassified. DM was more frequent with type 3 GNETs (38%) than type 1 (1%), type 2 (20%), or PPI\u2010associated tumors (11%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ten\u2010year DSS rates were 100% for type 1, 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%\u221275%) for type 3, and 80% (95% CI, 58%\u2212100%) for PPI\u2010associated tumors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). GNET subtype, race, and DM were independently associated with DSS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPI\u2010associated tumors may represent a distinct GNET subtype with intermediate outcomes. Other factors should also be considered in overall prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T02:34:50Z","timestamp":1726022090000},"page":"204-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Classification of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors and Associations With Survival"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunise","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ju","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9915-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Badgwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000486915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90266-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"E.Bergsland W. 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