{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:48:45Z","timestamp":1784198925423,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune\u2010checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can achieve significant clinical responses. This raises the question of whether to consider salvage surgery as a curative treatment option. Few case series reported encouraging results in terms of pathological response. However, intraoperative risk and postoperative morbidity have been highlighted. This study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of surgery after ICIs administration and to evaluate its effectiveness on the final pathological examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively identified stages III\u2013IVA NSCLC consecutive patients who underwent surgery with radical intent after ICIs at three National Centers (2016\u20132022). Before treatment, all patients were considered unresectable by a multidisciplinary discussion. After surgery, pathological response was evaluated according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) recommendation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010one patients were included; pretreatment clinical stage was: IIIA in 4 patients (10%), IIIB in 13 (42%), IIIC in 3 (13%), and IVA in 11 (35%). Median treatment duration was four cycles. Only anatomical resections were performed, with lobectomy that represent the main type of resection (22 patients, 74%). A minimally invasive approach was performed in 10 patients (32%), with a conversion rate of 0%. Postoperative complications were observed in eight patients (25%). Complete pathologic response (CPR) and major pathologic response (MPR) were 48% and 16%, respectively. Two and 3\u2010years survival were 88%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our experience, salvage surgery of advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs confirm his feasibility and safety in responder patients. Moreover, it is associated with low morbidity, high CPR rate, and satisfying medium\u2010term survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T02:07:26Z","timestamp":1727230046000},"page":"371-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Salvage Surgery after Treatment With Immune\u2010Checkpoint Adjuvant Inhibitors for Advanced Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicentric Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Cannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bertolaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Cancer Surgery Division IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Tommaso","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Pezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health 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