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Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) ablation uses short\u2010duration, high\u2010voltage electrical pulses to induce cell death without relying on thermal mechanisms. Safety findings are reported from a two\u2010arm, non\u2010randomized, study evaluating the use of PEF in patients with early\u2010stage NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PEF energy was delivered bronchoscopically or percutaneously to 36 patients with suspected or confirmed early\u2010stage NSCLC approximately 20 days before resection; 8 control patients had biopsy only. The primary safety analysis was the device and\/or procedure related serious adverse events (AEs) rate from PEF procedure through resection. Immunohistochemical evaluation of resected tissue was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PEF was delivered to all patients in the treatment group after biopsy of targeted tumor. No device or procedure\u2010related AE were observed. Histopathological assessment of resected tumors demonstrated a cellular depletion zone characterized by decrease or absence of tumor cellularity and a variable degree of inflammation. Tertiary lymphoid structures were observed within PEF\u2010treated tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These clinical observations and histopathologic tissue alterations, indicate that PEF energy delivery is feasible and safe in NSCLC, with potential signals of immune system activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.28110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T20:33:33Z","timestamp":1743366813000},"page":"1529-1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Safety and Feasibility of Pulsed Electric Field Ablation for Early\u2010Stage Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer Prior to Surgical Resection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Thoracic Surgery Salamanca University Hospital Salamanca Spain"},{"name":"Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain"},{"name":"University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Flandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik H. 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