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In addition, circulating antigen or antigen\u2010antibody complexes which block tumor\u2010specific immune responses can be abrogated by removal of bulk tumor. However, animal data indicates that certain anesthetic agents and major surgical procedures may enhance growth of micrometastatic tumor foci. One mechanism by which this occurs might be immunosuppression. The use of immunorestorative drugs in the perioperative period has been able to reverse this phenomenon in animal tumor models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930140109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T05:45:19Z","timestamp":1171950319000},"page":"61-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anesthesia and Surgery: A Double\u2010Edged Sword for the Cancer Patient"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"Lundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pathways of metastatic spread of malignant tumors","volume":"4","author":"del Regato JA","year":"1977","journal-title":"Seminars Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"The interrelationship of hematogenous and lymphatic tumor cell dissmination","volume":"122","author":"Fisher B","year":"1966","journal-title":"Surg Gynec Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Metastasis: A review of recent advances","volume":"17","author":"Zeidman I","year":"1957","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(75)80015-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2964(73)80022-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Changing concepts of cancer surgery: Surgery as immunotherapy","volume":"135","author":"Morton DL","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197804)41:4<1289::AID-CNCR2820410412>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Cancer Invasion and Metastasis: Biologic Mechanisms and Therapy","author":"Simposn\u2010Herren L","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196101\/02)14:1<111::AID-CNCR2820140114>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197702000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"LundyJ LovettEJIII ConranP:Pulmonary metastases a potential biologic consequence of anesthetic\u2010Induced immunosuppression by Thiopental Surgery 82:254\u2013256 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Factors that modify the rate and extent of spontaneous metastases of prostate tumors in rats","author":"Pollard M","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197412000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"LundyJ LovettEJ WolinskySM ConranP: Immune impairment and metastatic tumor growth: The need for an immunorestorative drug as an adjunct to surgery.Cancer in press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910200208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(73)90110-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"363","article-title":"Immunodepression after major surgery in normal patients","volume":"78","author":"Slade MS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Effect of operation on immune response in cancer patients: Sequential evaluation of in vitro lymphocyte function","volume":"79","author":"Roth HA","year":"1976","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(77)90134-2","article-title":"Suppression of cellular immunity by anesthesia and operation","volume":"22","author":"Tarpley JL","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AmeryW:Double\u2010Blind trial with levamisole in resectable lung cancer. 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