{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:23:07Z","timestamp":1698225787673},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,19]],"date-time":"2006-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6135,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of pre\u2010neoplastic and neoplastic changes has been documented in the urinary tract of the rat after portacaval shunting (PCS) and has been attributed variously to circulating carcinogens, the development of bladder stones, or deficiency of vitamin A. Therefore, an investigation of the pathogenesis of bladder tumors after PCS was undertaken in 120 PCS and 120 sham\u2010operated male Sprague Dawley rats. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed at monthly intervals for 1 year after surgery. The incidence of calculus formation in the bladder increased from 20% at 2 months to 80% at 12 months after PCS. Hyperplastic mucosal changes occurred 3 months after surgery. After 5 months, distinct papillomas developed, and after 7 months, increasingly severe papillary changes and squamous metaplasia were evident. Interestingly, these urothelial changes were seen both in animals with and without bladder stones. Significantly decreased serum vitamin A levels were observed at 6 months (54.0 \u00b1 8.8 IU\/dl, n = 10) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>, 01), and 12 months (41.0 \u00b1 7.9 IU\/d1, n = 10) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01), compared to those in sham\u2010operated controls of 126.0 \u00b1 12.5 IU\/dl (n = 10) and 122.7 \u00b1 19.2 IU\/dl (n = 10). In addition, PCS resulted in a significantly increased activity of urothelial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a marker of neoplastic changes, at 6 months (3.1 \u00b1 0.4 nmoles CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in 60 min\/mg protein, n = 5) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) and 12 months (8.1 \u00b1 0.6 nmoles CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in 60 min\/mg protein, n = 5) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), when compared to ODC activity in controls (0.9 \u00b1 0.2 nmoles CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in 60 min\/mg protein, n = 5). These data suggest that the development of urinary bladder tumor after PCS in the rat may be due to vitamin A deficiency rather than to bladder calculi or urinary carcinogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930420204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T11:51:08Z","timestamp":1171972268000},"page":"80-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pre\u2010neoplastic changes in rat urothelium following portacaval anastomosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Katsutaka","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01928242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"The detection of uric acid metabolism in Eck fistula rats","volume":"90","author":"Lauterburg B","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Praneoplastische und neoplastische Urothelveranderung nach portacavaler Anastomoses der Rate. 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