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The overall 5 year survival rate was 18%, and the rates in patients with curative and noncurative operation were 26% and 9%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Based on the morphological evidence of N2 disease, the patients were placed in three groups: those with microscopic metastasis, moderate metastasis, and gross metastasis, the incidences being 29%, 28%, and 43%, respectively. The survival rates were 41%, 6%, and 16%, respectively. The difference among microscopic vs. moderate and microscopic vs. gross metastasis was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Survival rates in patients with intranodal and extranodal invasion, as seen in the histologic examinations, were 34% and 11%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The incidence of gross metastasis and\/or extranodal invasion was higher in those who underwent noncurative operation. Postoperatively adjuvant irradiation was not effective in prolonging the survival in patients with curative operation, but the local residual disease was controlled. Therefore, our working criteria are, if N2 lung cancer is present, a complete resection of the primary tumor and the mediastinal lymph nodes should be done. Patients with microscopic metastasis and intranodal invasion can expect a fairly long survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930430308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T11:47:21Z","timestamp":1171972041000},"page":"161-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Surgical treatment of patients with nonsmall\u2010cell lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node involvement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Teruyoshi","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tateishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keizo","family":"Sugimachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42606-8","article-title":"The importance of radical lobectomy in lung cancer","volume":"58","author":"Ramsey HE","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc 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