{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:16:33Z","timestamp":1778908593307,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesized that, within organ\u2010confined (OC, T2N0M0) non\u2010urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (non\u2010UCUB) patients, trimodal therapy (TMT) use does not differ from radical cystectomy (RC) regarding cancer control outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the SEER database (2004\u20132021), rates of TMT versus RC use in OC non\u2010UCUB patients were calculated. Nearest\u2010neighbor 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, and histological subtype was applied. Cumulative incidence plots depicted 5\u2010year cancer\u2010specific (CSM) and other\u2010cause mortality (OCM) rates. Multivariable competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted. Sensitivity analyses were performed within squamous cell (SCC), neuroendocrine (NEC), and adenocarcinoma (ADK) and other histological subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 814 OC non\u2010UCUB patients, 310 (38%) received TMT versus 504 (62%) RC. After PSM, 5\u2010year CSM rate was 50% after TMT versus 29% after RC and TMT was associated with 2.1\u2010fold higher CSM relative to RC (multivariable HR [mHR]: 2.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In sensitivity analyses within 229 (28%) SCC, TMT patients had higher 5\u2010year CSM rates relative to their RC\u2010counterparts (67% vs. 22%, mHR: 4.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similarly, within 314 (39%) NEC, TMT patients had higher 5\u2010year CSM rates relative to their RC\u2010counterparts (mHR: 1.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, within 118 (28%) ADK and 153 (19%) other subtypes, CSM after TMT did not differ from CSM after RC (33% vs. 15%, mHR: 1.4 and 43% vs. 33%, mHR: 1.4; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In OC non\u2010UCUB patients TMT is associated with significantly higher CSM than RC. Most pronounced survival disadvantage was recorded within SCC and NEC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T06:45:05Z","timestamp":1749797105000},"page":"235-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cancer\u2010Specific Survival of Trimodal Therapy Versus Radical Cystectomy in T2N0M0 Non\u2010Urothelial Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2613-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Longoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology; URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marmiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Urology IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Falkenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Martini\u2010Klinik Prostate Cancer Center University Hospital Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quynh Chi","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Urology Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nicolazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urology, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital University of Eastern Piedmont Novara Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Division of Urology University of Turin Orbassano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Catanzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Urology, St. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Polverino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan A.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montr\u00e9al Health Center Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, Unit of Urology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Graefen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martini\u2010Klinik Prostate Cancer Center University Hospital Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix K. 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