{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T20:04:17Z","timestamp":1784145857328,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ARX and PDX1 transcription factors have been considered indicators of the cell of origin for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Some PanNETs show dense fibrosis (sclerosing morphology) and an association with serotonin expression. This study aimed to explore ARX and PDX1 expression in these tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pathology archives were searched from 2005 to 2019 for PanNETs with dense stromal fibrosis. Immunohistochemical stains for ARX, PDX1, and serotonin were performed and reviewed with pertinent clinical findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010one PanNETs were evaluated. Serotonin expression was identified in 19 (37%) tumors. The mean tumor size was smaller in the serotonin\u2010expressing group compared to the non\u2010expressing group (1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 vs. 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009cm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Serotonin\u2010expressing tumors demonstrated a \u03b2\u2010cell phenotype with absence of ARX expression in the majority of tumors (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916; 84.2%), while the non\u2010expressing tumors demonstrated an \u03b1\u2010cell phenotype with ARX expression (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924, 75%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Synchronous\/metachronous liver metastasis was more frequent in the serotonin non\u2010expressing tumors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020). Serotonin expression was associated with a better disease\u2010free survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serotonin\u2010expressing PanNETs more commonly showed a \u03b2\u2010cell phenotype, while non\u2010expressing tumors favored an \u03b1\u2010cell phenotype with more frequent liver metastasis. The expression of serotonin suggests more indolent behavior in this variant of PanNETs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T16:10:13Z","timestamp":1775405413000},"page":"934-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serotonin Expression and \u03b2\u2010Cell Phenotype Are Associated With Indolent Behavior in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors With Sclerosing Morphology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3265-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika L.","family":"Windon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Revetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanjuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac049"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001597"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322595"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0493-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01479-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100046"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5428"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","first-page":"727","article-title":"Serotonin Immunoreactivity in Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms (Carcinoid Tumors)","volume":"4","author":"Wilson R. W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12535"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-024-09826-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01110-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2024.100595"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.25154"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.70247","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jso.70247","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jso.70247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T19:33:56Z","timestamp":1784144036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jso.70247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jso.70247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.70247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4790","1096-9098"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9098","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}