{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:11:50Z","timestamp":1784304710484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer risk among transgender and gender\u2010diverse individuals undergoing gender\u2010affirming chest masculinization (\u201ctop\u201d) surgery remains poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize breast cancer risk and management in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted retrospective chart review of patients undergoing top surgery within an academic plastic surgery practice. Variables included family and reproductive history, genetic testing, International Breast Intervention Study (IBIS) scores, and final pathology. The primary outcome was elevated breast cancer risk, defined as IBIS\u2009\u2265\u200920% (high risk) or 15%\u201319% (intermediate). Significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From April 2019 to December 2024, 284 individuals underwent top surgery. One\u2010third reported a family history of breast cancer, and two of fifteen genetically tested patients carried pathogenic variants. IBIS scores were calculable in 79 patients, with 43% demonstrating intermediate or high risk (IBIS\u2009\u2265\u200915%). Seven patients were referred to breast surgical oncology and fifteen to genetics; four high\u2010risk individuals elected risk\u2010reducing mastectomy. One case of ductal carcinoma in situ was identified during risk\u2010reducing mastectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A subset of top surgery patients exhibit elevated familial, genetic, or IBIS\u2010based breast cancer risk. Although incidental malignancy was rare, structured risk assessment and selective referral may improve screening and management in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.70272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T17:56:42Z","timestamp":1776967002000},"page":"25-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying Breast Cancer Risk in Patients Undergoing Gender\u2010Affirming Chest Masculinization Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Jamie E.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zain","family":"Aryanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Coloado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob A.","family":"Durden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCHealth Hereditary Cancer Clinic University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Arkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCHealth Diane O'Connor Thompson Breast Center University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"UCHealth Diane O'Connor Thompson Breast Center University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christodoulos","family":"Kaoutzanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Coloado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Mathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Coloado 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