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Degenerate disc disease (DDD), is thus a common term for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with LBP. Degeneration is thought to lead to LBP because of nerve ingrowth into the degenerate disc, inflammation, or because degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) alters spinal biomechanics inappropriately. Thus, while the objectives of some interventions for LBP are to control pain intensity, other interventions aim to deal with the consequences of disc degeneration through stabilizing the disc surgically, by inserting artificial discs or by repairing the disc biologically and preventing progressive IVD degeneration. Despite tremendous research efforts, treatment of LBP through the use of regenerative interventions aiming to repair the IVD is still controversial. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for IVD regeneration in a patient\u2010based case will be discussed by an ensemble of clinicians and researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T09:21:46Z","timestamp":1548408106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Controversies in regenerative medicine: Should intervertebral disc degeneration be treated with mesenchymal stem cells?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7631-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Loibl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Schulthess Klinik  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery Regensburg University Medical Center  Regensburg 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